Psychology and Foot-in-the-door Tactic

1. Describe how differences between high vs. low self-monitoring could influence each of the five stages of information processing when a target is being presented with the foot-in-the-door tactic of interpersonal influence. That is, for each separate stage, analyze what might be different in the way high self monitors make sense of this sequential request technique in contrast to low self monitors. Each stage has differences between high and low self monitors; therefore focusing on each stage will allow the contrasts between the two.A high self monitor tends to read the social situation first and then present an appropriate face, as opposed to simply presenting a consistent image of self in every situation. A low self monitor behaves in accordance with an image of his â€Å"real† self. In the focusing stage, a high-self monitor is more than likely going to focus in detail and assess the situation more thoroughly than a low-self monitor.Thinking more thoroughly will help the f oot-in-the-door tactic because if it’s a well-thought out request a person is more than likely going to accept. The foot-in-the-door tactic is when a person agrees to a small request, which usually allows you to be better able to get them to agree to a later, larger request. In the storage stage, a high-self monitor is going to get in depth on the reasoning for why the situation is relevant and make more sense of the situation than a low-self monitor.By going in depth on the reasoning for why the situation is relevant and know why it makes sense, will help when using the foot-in-the-door tactic because you know exactly what you’re talking about which makes it easier for someone to believe you. During the integration and interference stage a high-self monitor is going to be able to assess the situation and assemble it in his/her mind whereas a low-self monitor might not be able to do that because they don’t like change at all.Drawing inferences and thinking of th ings that usually aren’t thought of might be hard for a low-self monitor because they tend to be single minded and stubborn on their opinions and thoughts. Using the foot-in-the-door tactic is going to be easier for a high-self monitor to use since a low-self monitor doesn’t have the will to change or think differently about certain things, which is going to make it harder to get someone else to agree with you if you’re stubborn and single minded.For the selection stage, it is going to be easier for a low-self monitor to label things because a high-self monitor is going to be worried about what other people are going to think about his/her labeling. A low-self monitor can’t put on different â€Å"faces†, or social identities, for different situations; they’re opinion is always their opinion and no one is going to change that, which might be hard when using the foot-in-the-door tactic.If someone doesn’t agree with you then they arenâ⠂¬â„¢t going to accept your request. Finally for the implementation stage, a high-self monitor is going be able to act upon it and relate the situation to other things easier than a low-self monitor because a high-self monitor is highly sensitive to external cues and can act differently in different situations, which will help when trying to figure out how something relates to other things.By using the foot-in-the-door tactic, a high-self monitor is going to be better at getting someone to accept their response because there are more flexible in adapting their leadership styles to changing situations; which is going to be useful when figuring out how to response or how to use things during this stage. 2. What role is played by self-schema in managing each of the interpersonal objectives when someone is dealing with the various stages of romantic relational dissolution (e. g. , trial rejuvenation)?That is, when a romance is â€Å"falling apart,† describe the relationship betwe en partners’ self concepts and their balancing of the separate â€Å"issues† they must simultaneously address when influencing and interacting with one another. Imagine you and your partner have created a separate identity; bigger then either one of you and full of each of you. Together you have created a â€Å"relational† schema. A living, breathing entity owned by both parties until the dissolution of your romantic relationship begins, occurs, and concludes. What happens when ours turns into mine?When we’re becomes I’m? Maybe a girl looks around at lunch and sees a cute guy and starts to imagine how things might be if they were in a romantic relationship. The possibility of the unknown versus what she already knows. Her boyfriend has no idea that water has just been added to his romantic relational gas tank. Breakups are never easy. Usually less then ten percent of college romantic relationships break up on mutual terms. So, typically, it is one person, usually the female, taking the lead, creating â€Å"the influenced† and the â€Å"influencer†.When the influencer, in this case lets say her name is Debra, changes her objective, the influenced, lets call him Bronson, has no choice but to be influenced. No one can change another person’s goals or objectives without influence and since we know Bronson is the influenced his are being altered by the dissolution of their romantic relationship. When two partners begin to remind each other that they are separate individuals and they have other concerns besides their relationship (differentiating); that is the beginning of the end.While an individual remembers that they have other goals that require other objectives, his or her self-schema is also changing. Differentiating will not only begin the dissolution process but will begin the initial steps of re-adaptation, for each individual, of self-schema. Throughout the dissolution of the relationship self-schema for each individual will be a product of the perception of the relationship, a sense of social sensitivity, and the objectives set to achieve each individuals overall goals. Self-schema, once realized and owned, will lead to new objectives.It will also be evolving constantly while the relationship continues to move toward a more self-schema based relationship as opposed to a relational schema, as defined in the book. Relational objectives change as the relationship deteriorates and ones self-schema will lead the way through the relational objective challenges because once an individual has a self-schema his objectives change. Each individual will perceive the relationship in his or her own way and without self-disclosure, circumscribing begins (usually in one partner).Social sensitivity in the dissolution of a romantic relationship is widely publicized in mass media, so much so that it’s almost a script now. Once communication has been restricted in circumscribing, stagnation sets in quickly. During stagnation there is less physical time spent together there might be room and cause to try for a hail marry. This might be a good place for the last chance effort to save the relationship by taking part in a trial rejuvenation. Maybe a weekend alone to get back to what’s important or just some along time to even out their relational keel is needed.But if the trials rejuvenation comes up short and leaves both parties with a sour taste in their mouths then each persons self-schema becomes more defined and more important to each individual then the relational schema. Following the self-schemas strength relational objectives change and the identity objectives start to become clearer. These changes in self-schema and objectives lead to avoidance. Avoidance is probably the most difficult step in the dissolution of the relationship. Initial discussions about breaking up are dealt with simultaneously as being interested in others.Individuals go out of their w ay to limit the amount of face-to-face interactions. The pain is too much for people to stand. Self-schema is â€Å"holding strong† but this is the most vulnerable point in ones self-schema. Both relational and instrumental objectives follow suit with self-schema but the identity objectives help to encourage the individual toward the final resolution. The final dissolution of the romantic relationship, that is not a physical or psychological departure, is termination.It usually consists of talk that prepares each individual for the end, otherwise known as the â€Å"grave-dressing phase†. Self-schema has developed into a â€Å"single† idea of self and the objectives an individual once held in such high regard while in a relationship are no longer in place. Relational objectives are more centered on family and friends and the time spent with each. Although there is no way to tell how long it will take to develop a pure self-schema that will not include a former pa rtner we do know when the process began†¦ the process began when â€Å"ours became mine†. . To what extent does a student’s level of psychological reactance to a professor’s attempt to change their behavior depend on (a) the student’s perceptions of the professor’s level of interpersonal power and (b) whether the student has a relatively high- or relatively low-level of cognitive complexity in the interpersonal domain? That is, how much does this type of mental reaction depend on both the social power of the agent as well as the social experience of the target?The psychological reactance to a professor’s attempt to change a student’s behavior depends greatly on the cognitive complexity of the student and interpersonal power of the professor. However, there will always be some degree of psychological reactance during the first class sessions. When the students and professors meet to create the learning environment they share certa in expectations like the fact that teacher is the agent and the students are the targets. The standards of the environment vary greatly from student to student and the instructor.However, students can expect to have instructor expectations laid out in the syllabus, home/class work, and tests. A professor can expect to have teaching skills, grading capabilities, and office time to provide to his students. The level of success the professor has depends on how much power he is perceived to have by the student. There are various powers that the professor could use to try to influence the student. The professor holds reward power in the form of grades. Coercive power can be used by the professor who gives pop quizzes, inspiring fear among his students.A professor has expert power in the form of knowledge, that’s why they are teaching and not the students. Referent power can be used through physical attractiveness. Finally, a professor can use legitimate power because he is a repre sentative of the establishment. We believe the most successful powers a professor can use to influence a behavior change in a student are legitimate, expert and reward power. Reward power in the form of grades is something tangible the student has to have in order to graduate. If the student has to change their behavior to achieve the grade, it will happen.Expert power in the form of knowledge shared is what we pay to have access to as students. Why would a student pay thousands of dollars to go to college if they aren’t going to listen and learn from the professors? Legitimate power plays along the same lines as expert power. The university has given this professor power over the student, trusting the professor to teach the student enough to have an understanding of the subject. The relationship can be altered at any time throughout the course by either party in how they interpersonally communicate with each other.For example, if a student has only one class and lots of time to complete work or discuss things with the professor, they may perceive the professors course as beneficial and would have little psychological reactance towards the instructor. On the flip side, if a student has multiple classes and little time to discuss things with the professor, they may perceive the class as pointless and may have more intense psychological reactance towards the instructor. However, the ideal outcomes of this shared learning experience re often diminished by the fact that either party’s expected standards are not always met in real life due to other circumstances. Therefore, a student’s level of psychological reaction has as much to do with their cognitive complexity as it does with the professor’s interpersonal power. For things to be ideal there must be a balance or mutual understanding between student and professor. Now a student with a relatively high level of cognitive complexity will be able to examine the situation and think of dif ferent possibilities.While a student probably won’t think of the situation in theory form, they would think of it from the past experiences viewpoint. A high cognitive complexity student can use what they have learned in the past from similar experiences to decide how to react to the professor trying to change their behavior. Now this says nothing about the social power of the professor. A professor would have more experience than the student, but not necessarily in the form of attempting to change the behavior.This is where things such as the reputation of the professor comes in, as well as impressions the student has formed of the professor. A low cognitive complexity student though, won’t think about the situation as much. They would probably remember a time or two from the past, but that’s about it. The student will most likely ‘go with the flow’ and either fall in with the professor’s wishes or be stubborn. If the professor has a strong sense of social power though, the student will probably fall in with his plan to change the behavior.The easier path is what will be more likely chosen by someone of low cognitive complexity because it is easier for such a person to follow the crowd then to decide what to do based on past experiences. This also means there will be less psychological reactance to the professor and what the professor is trying to encourage in the student’s behavior. Some students just expect to be let down or accept the fact they can’t change anything. The system and/or the teaching methods used are insufficient to meet the learning goals of the student.They know there are rules and they know they are the student, but being in that subordinate position is counter-productive to their lifestyles/goals (even though it’s socially expected to â€Å"move on with life†) and they may have increased psychological reactance towards the professor regardless of any circumstances. In su ch instances, reverse psychology can sometimes be a tool of influence. However, reverse psychology will work better for a low cognitive student compared to a high cognitive student.

Conventional Accounting Essay

Conventional accounting may not be suitable for environment and social applications. When company’s economic benefits are at odds with environmental and social benefits, conventional accounting concentrates only on the enterprises’ benefits and does not pay attention to the natural environment and human society. (Hooper et al., 2008). Conventional accounting merely presents the information about enterprise’s financial position and performance so as to meets the objective of shareholders and investors. Such approach does not satisfy other stakeholders’ interests and information needs (Dana, 2008). Conventional accounting often treats the environmental impacts from business activities as externalities, such as the pollution of industrial emissions. It will not disclose the information about environmental damages and social costs of pollution, only if the environmental impacts lead to penalties or the cost of cleanup (Stefan and Roger, 2000). In order to improve enterprise’s profitability, conventional accounting suggests managers to use machinery or technology instead of labor force, which result in some negative impacts on society. High unemployment often causes a decrease in quality of life and a rise of crime rate, and also may bring about interpersonal conflicts in company (John, 2009). Conventional accounting usually ignores these costs of unemployment in the account of company. However, conventional accounting may be applicable to environmental and social issues, when the costs of business activities are redefined by containing their environmental and social costs. Such as the activities’ costs is to the enterprise instead of environment or society. This reclassification can help enterprises to decrease the costs of environment and society and thus improve enterprises’ environmental and social performance.

Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender - Catwoman Essay Example for Free

Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender – Catwoman Essay The representation of female super heroes in the media can be said to have had huge institutional, political and social influences that would suggest those in power are favoured at the expense of those without. Female super heroes tend to promote sexualisation and stereotypical gender roles of women, throughout comic books and super hero movies, but why? In this essay I will look at the character of Catwoman, and her representation as a female, particularly in the 2004 adaptation film â€Å"Catwoman†. Originally, she is an iconic character in the batman series. Created in 1940 by Bob Kane (batman creator) and Bill Finger, she has had a strong presence in batman comics and adaptations since then. Her role as a mysterious burglar and jewel thief led her to just miss out on a place in the top ten, ranking 11th in IGN’s ‘Top 100 comic book Villains of all time’ (2009) and 51st in Wizard magazines ‘100 greatest villains of all time’ list (2006). The character has been used in hundreds of comic books, as well as video games, radio stations, TV series, animated series and films. Although she is featured in mostly batman productions and texts, Catwoman was given her first comic book series in 1993, written mostly by Jim Balent. Several years down the line, Catwoman stared as the lead role in the feature film, made in 2004. The movie was an example of post feminism at its best, as in the 1970’s, only 15% of action adventure movies cast female leads. The movie was directed by Pitof and was released on July 23 by Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures. The cast members include Halle Berry, who plays Catwoman, Benjamin Bratt, Sharon Stone and Frances Conroy. I have chosen to analyse this movie because females are not usually given dominant roles in superhero movies, especially as the lead character. There are many stereotypes that surround women, and I believe this movie challenges those. The film was inspired by the DC comics villain of the same name, however stars a new character, Patience Phillips. There are several similarities to the original character. For example, she has similar office job and is killed by someone she works for. In the 1992 movie staring Michelle Pfeiffer, she uncovers a dark secret in the company and is thrown to her death from a great height. The plot for the more recent movie is very like its predecessor. In both versions she is brought back to life by a group of wild cats. However the most relevant similarity is her appearance and costume. Throughout the film, Catwoman is dressed in a tight black latex costume, black connoting mystery and evil. This material is often associated with sexuality; it clings to her body and shows off her curves. Over the years her costumes have become even more provocative, with this Catwoman being more fetish than ever. These clothes represent Catwoman as a sexual image to be looked at by the opposite sex. Laura Mulvey describes this as the Male Gaze. She explains â€Å"In their traditional exhibitionist role, women are simultaneously looked at and displayed with their appearance, coded for strong visual and erotic impact so it can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. † (1975, p33). It is arguable that woman in the genre of action, drama and super hero are not represented as women, rather an object of sexual desire. The women featured in such genres are slim, pretty, and all wear tight clothing. Lillian Robinson refers to woman super heroes as a pin up girl in a cape, rather than genuine characters (2006). The skimpy outfit has great erotic significance (Richard Reynolds 1994) and could create a negative portrayal of females, as well as being a very bad influence for the young women and girls who watch the movie, or read the comics. Clearly, the media heavily influences teenagers already. They follow the latest fashion trends from celebrities, coolest haircuts, and they diet and loose weight to look like the people they see on TV and in magazines. They look up to the people in the media, and the image of Halle Berry in the cat suit, may encourage young girls to objectify themselves in a similar way. Already, Playboy as a brand has become a fashionable thing, for young girls even at the age of 8. They have the playboy bunny pencil cases, posters and duvet covers. Just like this, cat woman may encourage youthful girls to dress inappropriately with increased sexuality. Even Catwoman’s make-up connotes sexualisation. Her lips are painted scarlet red, which draws your attention straight to her mouth, as well as being the colour of lust to stimulate sexual arousal. This idea is due to the fact men and women have more blood flowing through their lips whilst aroused, turning them a darker shade. Halle Berry was most likely cast because of her beauty. Her eyes, lips, body and sex appeal come before everything else in the movie, (Roger Ebert, 2006). The director of this movie has chosen to portray her as an object of sexual desire for men, rather than a role model for the power and liberation of women. Typical of Hollywood movies, the overtly sexualised view of women is rooted in the darkest chamber of male desire, (Kevin Maher, 2005). She appears powerful and dominant, however, she is in fact the opposite, and inferior to the gaze of men. Laura Mulvey says in her book Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, â€Å"Women as image, men as bearer of the look†, (1975). Personally this idea is predictable and brings nothing new to the genre. Wonder Woman first appeared on screen wearing a gold bra and blue knickers, and in those 36 years gone by, you have to ask yourself, why do superheroes need to be dressed so provocatively? Why can’t the action hero fight crime and ‘kick ass’ in a baggy jumper and a pair of dungarees? Kevin Maher, 2005). I believe the reason behind this is due to the fact that the representation of characters such as Catwoman and Wonder Woman where created by those with power over women. The institution DC comics created both in the 1940’s, which was largely if not entirely controlled by men. Women had no control over their creation and as powerful as Catwoman may be, she is still just an image of the male gaze. Created in a time where females had no authority, they where not able to argue against what could be considered as an unfair representation. Angelia McRobbie has a theory in defence of this sexualised representation, and believes men did not create this image. Women have gained the equality they where fighting for, and now they are using their assets to their advantages. In this case, Catwoman is willingly showing of her body to attract the male gaze, because it gives her power over men. She summarises that post feminism positively draws on and invokes feminism, (1994). However it’s not all negative, Over time things have changed, the presence of female leads in the super hero genre has increased, and to an extent therefore, time has favoured the female lead. Some 50 years ago, males where seen as the hero, there to protect the fragile women. Superman and Lois Lane are a classic example of where the lead role is given to a man, he is strong and courageous, while Lois is inferior to him, she has no special abilities and relies on him completely. However, the number of women in this genre proves a success for the feminist woman and an improvement in today’s society. Iconic actresses such as Angelina Jolie and Uma Thurman have stared as the female lead in modern action movies. Lara Croft, Tomb Raider and Kill Bill are both examples of woman taking active roles, and how accepting it is in this particular genre. Jolie also stared in Mr and Mrs Smith, which showed her as an equal to her husband, just as strong and just as capable of fulfilling the dominant lead. Catwoman has evolved over time, first known as The Cat in DC comics; she then progressed onto TV screens. Her sexual appearance made her an object of desire to the eyes of the male audience, and a role model to girls who wanted to be her, Suzan Colon (2004). In the Halle Berry adaptation, Catwoman is reborn a new woman, sleek, sexy, ambitious and not held back by the restraints of society. She is rebellious and follows her own desires as a feline crime fighter. This representation of Catwoman forces the question that perhaps contemporary women are constrained by the rules of society and are not free. Catwoman challenges the female stereotype and adopts the masculine lead role in this superhero movie. She is a protagonist, independent and capable of standing alone. A crucial scene in the movie shows Catwoman arguing with a large masculine looking man. She demands he turn down his music, which results in her physically attacking him. The argument ends with him lying on the floor with her foot on top of him. This scene portrays her as superior to the man, and the physical pose makes him vulnerable to her. This scene is important, because when she was her human self, known as Patience, the man would not listen to her. As Catwoman, her voice is heard. Simone de Beauvior Invokes ‘the independent women’ who wants to be active, wants to take things for themselves and refuses the passivity men try and want to impose on her. The modern woman accepts masculine values; she prides herself on thinking, getting a job and working to pay her own way, existing on the same terms as man, (1949). Catwoman does exactly that. She completely demolishes feminine stereotypes at the end of the movie when she rejects the love interest and chooses to be a free independent woman. She is not reliant on anyone, especially a man and because of that, I believe this movie demonstrates a victory for women. â€Å"Freedom is power† (Catwoman, 2004). Motivated by revenge, no man stands in her way. However another scene tells a very different story and shows off Catwoman as purely a vision of sexual desire. As she is transformed from patience Phillips, into Catwoman, supposedly now free and independent, we are reminded of her physical qualities. ‘Reminded’ is an understatement actually; it’s thrown in our faces. As she walks across a rooftop the camera angle starts from her feet, moves up her legs and to the top of her body. Paying particular attention to her bum, first impressions are everything! This scene completely confirms Mulvey’s theory, and as Liz Wells suggests, certain films objectify the female star, (2004). However Catwoman is not the only dominant female in this movie. Hedare Beauty is the company Patience works for, and is run by a man named George, or so you are made to believe. Yet in fact, the one calling all the shots is his wife, Laurel. She is controlling the strings of her puppet husband and forces him to her way of thinking. She is an evil, sinister character, full of greed, and in the end she kills her husband in cold blood. She is the villain in this movie, but also a woman in power and free from the constraints of society. In the early 1970’s, after the second wave of feminism, more women were gaining better professions and breaking out of the stereotypical roles. The post modern figure of a female became more appealing to both genders, and resulted in women wanting to achieve higher status in the world of work. An example of such acceptance was seen in the recently released song by male pop artist Ne-Yo, called ‘Miss Independent’. This continues the suggestion of the need for change in the way female super heroes where represented in order to capture the post-modern audience. Catwoman and Laurel Hedare are both great examples of female presence in superhero movies and the result of female empowerment. Judith Butler brings an interesting theory to the table. She believes gender is free floating, rather than fixed, that males and females aren’t simply masculine and feminine. She says that gender is a performance, rather than an aspect of our identity and we behave differently on different occasions. This theory suggests Catwoman isn’t necessarily challenging gender roles by taking on the masculine super hero, but rather an act she’s choosing to play. Women can be masculine because the individual chooses their gender identity. â€Å"When the constructed status of gender is theorized as radically independent of sex, gender itself becomes a free floating artifice, with the consequence that man and masculine might just as easily signify a female body as a male one, and woman and feminine a male body as easily as a female one† (Judith Butler, 1990, p6). Interestingly she suggests that if there where no longer conventional roles for either gender it would be considered the norm for a woman to be in a position of power at work or for a man to stay at home looking after the children. After looking into the history of Catwoman, her creation, and other adaptations in the past, I believe her image is over sexualised. The film is centralised around a beautiful woman, wearing the sexy, tight black costume to do none other than attract male attention. They do however promote that she is a powerful woman and has the freedom to do as she pleases. The fact that a female is the lead role in a movie of this genre is a positive thing. Although the message left behind is that to have freedom and power, you have to entail being objectified. In the end, this movie has done the same as its predecessors, portray woman in a sexualised, unrealistic and in a possibly insulting way. Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender – Catwoman. (2016, Dec 26). r-choice-deals-with-gender-catwoman-essay We will write a custom sample essay on Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender – Catwoman specifically for you We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Return on Expectation v Return on investment in Management Development Dissertation

Return on Expectation v Return on investment in Management Development Training - Dissertation Example The approach to address the demands of repeatability, rigor and uniqueness has two important features (McLinden & Trochim, 1998, p.1). Firstly it requires obtaining a preponderance of such evidences which demonstrates that expectations for the program impact originally leading towards the investments were met. Secondly it must also provide evidence with substantial methodological vigour for withstanding the scrutiny. In pursuing this approach, the evaluation paradigm is shifted to a ‘legal’ framework. Under the framework, if the conclusion arrived at is such that training adds value then the evidence used is required to be persuasive (McLinden & Trochim, 1998, p.1). This evidentiary standard is considered enough to reach a clear and reasonable conclusion regarding value of the program (McLinden & Trochim, 1998, p.1). ... ows that the program has achieved the three Cs, Correspondence Consistency Consensus (Wildermuth & Gray, 2005, p.66) Assessment of the value begins with the assessment of the outcomes that are expected from the program. Expectations might arise from the stakeholders who have different beliefs about the impacts of the programs (Wildermuth & Gray, 2005, p.66). The executives might be concerned about the strategic issues like the effectiveness of the programs during changes in market conditions, while those building the training modules would be concerned with the tactical details like whether group activities would be most effective in conveying the content (Wildermuth & Gray, 2005, p.66). The need for realising the expectations and measuring them was realised when trainers were unable to define the outcomes that stakeholders expected in measurable terms (Kirkpatrick, 2009, p.184). Given the multiple views which exists and differ from each other, defining values necessarily means popul ating the expectations of impacts with multiple perspectives. For the development of the training programs the multiple perspectives includes project managers, content experts, instructional designers and other stakeholders. Successful measurement of value includes integrating the diverse expectations into a single consensus about which the program seeks to achieve (McLinden & Trochim, 1998, p.2). On the other hand the Return on Investment (ROI) on training is considered to be primary tool for the forecasting and evaluation of the benefits of training programs and for conducting of the ROI analysis. The topic has emerged as the most popular concept in HRD conferences and other conventional agenda in organisations (Phillips, 2003, p.9). Pressure from the senior managers and clients has

Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Industry - Essay Example Smarthand is a company that manufactures smart hand products that are mainly for university professors who engage in teaching practices in large lecture rooms. The product manufactured by the company is a multifunctional remote controlling glove that is bundled with a computer software. The software functions in such a way that it allows the person using it to give instructions using touch screen by the use of hand gestures and commands using figures. The smart hand product has a lot of promise to its users. The product promises the users to make controls to the screen of the computer at a far distance with the use of a Wi-Fi environment. Unlike other means of computer operating equipment such as clicker or mouse, the smart hand product offers several instructions that are customized in a more convenient manner. In summary, it can be said that smart hand product takes a total control of the university lecturer class in his or her palm. The company’s mission statement is to enable users to control computer and give customized instructions in the palm of the hand. SmartHand LCC will strive to accomplish the mission by focusing on four main objectives: provide users better experience in manipulating virtual space, improving convenience of use, developing new software features based on customization, and changing the way of teaching in a smart classroom. The product idea is based on designs from students from School of Information Studies and further improved by the management team at SmartHand LLC. The inventors designed the intelligence glove in order to develop a technology to manipulate objects in a virtual space. After consideration of the executive team from SmartHand LLC, the features of the glove is decided to focus more on educational use so that the product can be bundled with other teaching station technology to improve professors teaching experience. SmartHand is a multi-functional intelligence glove that allows using figure commands and hand gestures

Locating Mobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Locating Mobiles - Essay Example If accurate movement prediction per mobile was possible, the task of locating mobiles given their last location would become substantially efficient in terms of both speed and system resources used. Being able to determine the mobile's future locations and access points as it moves inside the network while being connected can result in significant improvement in system efficiency and connection quality. The wireless terminal (laptop or PDA) is equipped with an IEEE 802.11b -compatible network card and a web browser. The web server handles the presentation logic. The application and location servers' constitute the application logic. One possible solution for improving the quality of the service is to use a vector image format. The use of vector data is essential, in order to improve the response time and the power of the client application. Using a vector format, there is no need to request a new image file every time the user zooms or pans the image or something changes in that particular image. At present, the most promising vector format for Internet-use is SVG, which is a W3C recommendation for describing dynamic and interactive two-dimensional graphics in XML. These graphics can contain vector graphic shapes, raster images and text. SVG is ideal for visualising geographical information on the Web, since it has many features that are used in traditional cartography such as polygons, lines, points and text. More sophisticated features suitable for mapping in SVG include layering, opacity, gradient fills, stroke options, clipping, masking, scripting, animations and filter effects. SVG can also handle coordinate transformations and enables high quality paper prints. In addition, SVG maps are freely pannable and zoomable. Cellular Location Methods Cellular location methods use the signals of the cellular system to find the location of a mobile station. Since cellular systems were not originally designed for positioning, the implementation of different location methods may require new equipment to make the necessary measurements for location determination and new signalling to transfer the measurement results to the location determination unit. Before presenting the cellular location methods and their implementation aspects, some concepts that will be used to classify different methods based on the role of the mobile station (MS) and the network or on the location measurement principle are defined. Based on the functions of the MS and the network, implementation of a location method belongs to one of the following categories: Network-based Mobile-based Mobile-assisted In network-based implementation one or several base stations (BSs) make the necessary measurements and send the measurement results to a location center where the position is calculated. Network-based implementation does not require any changes to existing handsets, which is a significant advantage compared to mobile-based or most mobile-assisted solutions. However, the MS must be in active mode to enable location measurements and thus positioning in idle mode is impossible. In mobile-based implementation the MS makes measurements and position determination. This allows positioning in idle mode by measuring control channels, which are continuously transmitted. Some assisting information, e.g. BS

What about Magnet Status Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What about Magnet Status - Essay Example The Magnet program in hospitals is designed to facilitate nurses and their practices (Wise, 2009, p.g. 205). Magnet hospitals have portrayed structural qualities. These qualities allow the nurses to work efficiently. The magnet hospitals also give nurses a chance to use their knowledge and capability by which they can produce excellent patient care (Havens et al, 1999, p.g. 14). Magnet hospitals have been present since two decades. Various studies have been conducted to study the pros and benefits of magnet hospitals. Results of the studies have proved that superior working environment for nurses at Magnet hospitals is beneficial for patient outcomes. Better working environment leads to higher nurse job satisfaction. Due to these pros, less nurses leave their jobs and are not exhausted. Evidence from studies is indicative that Magnet hospitals should be classified as the â€Å"best practice.† (Kelly et al, 2011, p.g.428). To summarize excellence in nursing has a two-fold benefit as it benefits patients and nurses (Lewis et al, 1998, pg. 51). Studies have shown that finding magnet hospitals these days is quiet difficult since the requirement are more than what a hospital could offer these days. Also, the work schedule required for hospitals to get this status is not possible to be infuse into the environment of the hospital (Pizzi, 2010). Other cons that these facilities get are that they only empower a nurse’s illusion. Acquiring magnet recognition is not easy as it is a procedure that requires labor and time (Magnet Reognition, n.d). Magnet status is a term that has been circulating in the health care industry for over two decades now. Health care facilities which provide autonomy, distributed organizational structures, helpful management and self-governance to the nursing staff are given the â€Å"magnet† status. Patients admitted at magnet status hospitals have a better mortality

Research Methods and Methodologies in Accounting and Management Essay

Research Methods and Methodologies in Accounting and Management - Essay Example August Comte was the philosopher, which coined the term positivism and linked it with empiricism, which believes that authentic knowledge can only be gained with the help of our senses, human experience, and verification. Positivist researchers aimed at creating mechanisms with which they could develop hypothesis, test them in a manner, which helps them to predict the future occurrences or behavior (Scott & Morrison, pp. 314-316, 2006; Cohen, pp. 124-125, 2007). The positivist research approach is also known as the scientific approach where the logical of inquiry is based on reason, facts, and experiences. Holding knowledge of anything, which is beyond the human experience or which cannot be observed or measured, is impossible (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008). For example, in his research and studies, the focus of B. F. Skinner was on observing the predicting the positive and negative reinforces of behavior and he went on to avoid all other cultural, human and social factors which can impact the process since it is not possible to observe, measure and predict them (Phillimore & Goodson, pp. 209-211, 2004). Moreover, positivist researcher avoid the subjective state of individuals because they think that humans are passive and reactive to the external stimuli, which makes their thinking and behavior predictable and unworthy of attention. This not only dehumanizes the human beings but also makes them unworthy of free will (Zalan & Lewis, pp. 507-508, 2004). Positivist researchers go on to believe that the entire universe is working on specific principles of cause and effect. Moreover, in order to uncover the truth, the researcher should try to find those cause and effect link and use that to predict the future events, occurrences, and behaviors (McNiff & Whitehead, pp. 10-12, 2000; Creswell, pp. 235-236, 2009). Positivist research methods include experimental research and descriptive research. As the name suggests, experimental research occurs when the res earchers deliberately manipulate certain factors under highly controlled and monitored conditions (Johnson & Christensen, pp. 346-347, 2010; Cohen, pp. 124-125, 2007). Quite understandably, the purpose remains to highlight links between variables while manipulating different factors. Under the umbrella of descriptive research, researchers use surveys, case studies, developmental studies, corelational studies, trend studies, and others (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008; Scott & Morrison, pp. 314-316, 2006). Critical Research Methodology On the other hand, critical researchers hold the belief that social reality has its roots in history and although, people may try to change themselves and their reality but in the process of the doing so they find themselves faced with various social, economic, cultural and political barriers. It was Jurgen Habermas, one of the leading German philosophers of the 21st century, who deserves the credit for developing and nurturing this approach in the field of social sciences and research in order to explore the historical forces, which have the power of restrict the human freedom and justice in the society (Creswell, pp. 235-236, 2009). Karl Marx, Georg Hegel, Paulo Freire, and others have also played an important role in development of this theory (Eriksson & Kovalainen, pp. 89-91, 2008; Zalan & Lewis, pp. 507-508, 2004). Like the interpretativists, critical researchers also address and acknowledge the fact that the element of subjectivity is present in observations but

Managing Creativity and Changes in Organizations Essay

Managing Creativity and Changes in Organizations - Essay Example The management of intellectual capital will require skills that nurture creativity and innovation in the workforce rather than compliance as in the past.† The case of Apple Incorporated is sheer evidence that hierarchical management structures will be less evident in the future. Instead, nurturing creativity and innovation in the workforce will be a must rather than doing a requirement of compliance for hierarchical management. What Apple exactly did is a depiction of innovation, a significant change that opens the door for the more innovative business approach in the future. Apple Incorporated has primarily dealt more with specialization, leading to the progress of its product offerings in terms of technological advancement. However, what is clear in its case is the ability to promote creativity and innovation concerning the skills of the manpower to develop something new. At Apple Incorporated, it does not matter who the boss is, for as long as everybody has something new inn ovative to offer that is in line with the firm’s vision to go for a change and lead in the industry. Aside from the fact that Apple has been producing new innovative products in the market and has become the leader in its industry due to this approach, it has also successfully made an innovation in its business model, and together these have called for effective management of skills prior to creativity and innovation. In other words, the company’s business culture is more of a deviation from the traditional business model.  

Global Data Synchronisation for supply chain Case Study

Global Data Synchronisation for supply chain - Case Study Example This technology is significant in hastening a speedy transfer of information from the manufacturer to the retailer. In addition, this technology is important in terms of improving accuracy and security of data (Gopal & McMillan 2005, p.58). This technology is enhanced by the existence of a global network termed as the Global Data Synchronisation Network which is under the management of GS1. This organisation (GS1) is responsible globally in matters dealing with the design and implementing the global standards and solutions necessary to enhance the efficiency and also visibility with regard to supply and demand chains existing across verticals. On another note, this technology is necessary in the sense that, it enables trading partners to have access to product information in real time. In addition, this technology is necessary in a globalized market where obtaining latest information is critical for businesses. For instance, any change made in a firm’s database automatically reflects on other business partner’s database. This is made possible through the GS1 system that relies on the Global Trade Identification Number (Gopal & McMillan 2005, p.62). 2.1 The industries engaging in retail and consumer products recognizes the urgency to change and adopt a technology that would ensure system-system synchronisation with regard to products, price, the location, services and sharing of other information between business partners. In order to achieve this milestone of data synchronisation that involves many systems, standards, businesses data management and electronic synchronisation have emerged as solutions to problems related to data sharing among business partners. Further, this technology is seen as a means to enhance efficiency and hastening responsiveness within the supply chain. With regard to this technology, trading partners can share two forms of data. The first is neutral data that can be shared among many parties and is considered to

Patron Saint of Butterflies Essay Essay Example for Free

Patron Saint of Butterflies Essay Essay The main characters of the story are Honey, and Agnes. The whole book was written in a switch off format which is when Honey and Agnes each write a chapter on what happened in there own thoughts. The story shows a relationship between two girls that slowly grow apart holding tight onto what they have left in their friendship. The characters are Honey, her dad which is Mr. Little, Mrs. Little, Nana Pete, Lillian, Benny, and the owners of Mount Blessing, Mother Veronica and Father Emmanuel. In this story, the characters are in a conflict; Mother Veronica and Father Emmanuel were the ones that were against Lillian, Nana Pete, Honey, and Agnes. There were against each other because Father Emmanuel was punishing the people that lived on Mount Blessing. The story started like this, Agnes was looking for Honey she got into trouble. Honey was punished by Emmanuel because she kissed a boy, on her back; Veronica had carved the word â€Å"harlot†. Soon, Nana Pete (Agnes and Benny’s grandmother) found out about the regulation room where people were being punished at. Nana Pete decides to leave after she found out, when Benny had his finger slammed in the door. Someone had called the police, but because Emmanuel knew he was going to get into trouble if the police come, so he decides to it on himself clumsily. Nana Pete takes him to the hospital where they had to undo everything that Emmanuel had done. Right after Benny had woken up, they escape from Mount blessing where Agnes really doesn’t want to because she wants to become a saint, but Honey dreads to escape that place from the day her was born. Honey had to say goodbye to Winky, the person that Honey owns a utterfly garden with. Honey also left a note about if Agnes ever goes back, Honey made Winky call the cops. They travel across from Connecticut all the way to Texas. On the way, Agnes faced a lot of things that were considered a sin, like eating stuff that are red, watching T. V. and listening to the radio which was all considered sins but Honey did all of them even when she knew it was against the rules on Mount Blessing. Agnes struggles to be with Honey because of their differences, especially when they arrive to the destination and meet a girl amed Lillian. Actually, Lillian is Honey’s mother that had left her when she was only a baby, the story of her mother was complicated. She was wonderful at the violin when she had went to Mount Blessing, so she instantly was accepted into Emmanuel’s inner group which usually take years to do. But at that time she was already pregnant but the people in the inner circle knew nothing about it, when they did, Honey was already born into this world, so they made Lillian go away and let Honey stay with Lillian’s brother, Joseph (Mr.Little). Things turn out pretty well until Nana Pete had died from a heart attacked. Honey and Agnes had a major fight after Agnes was praying for Nana Pete to come back alive, Honey said that it was impossible and had some argument that had caused Honey to hit Agnes. Rushing out the door, Honey hopped into the truck and then drove to the shop Lillian owned. She rushed in causing everyone to suddenly look at her, and then she dragged Lillian back, at that same time Agnes had called her parents to fly here and go pick up Agnes. After her parents arrive, Mr. Little called Lillian the name she was given at Mount Blessing. After Agnes left, that was when Honey found out Lillian was her mother, also she finally knew the reason why Nana Pete treated her like her own grandchild. When Agnes arrived at Mount Blessing, she saw there were rows of police cars parked in front of the regulation room, the cops wanted to see all of the children, alone, that is when Emmanuel said â€Å"remember, we are believers† meaning for them to not tell anything about the room. Because the children were so scared they all didn’t respond to the negative things that were mentioned about Mount Blessing. But then, Agnes thought about what was right and what she should do, slowly with trembling legs, she stood up. At the same time, Honey and Lillian was driving to Mount Blessing, when they arrive, the cops arrived because of the fact that Winky had called the police. A few weeks later, all of the parents were to be kept in order to be questioned, that is when Honey and Agnes stand on the same line, and race each other to the finish line. They raced each other at the end because Agnes wanted to be a saint, and she thought racing was a sin, but she finally loosened up from what Honey had helped her with. I thought this book was the adventurous kind in the beginning, but then did I find out it was about friendship and love. This book was very touching from what Honey had described in one of the chapters about how Agnes had changed from the friend that she use to know to what she is now, a saint to be. I thought that it was outrageous when I read to the part about that they were hit by Emmanuel. To what I think, people should not be punished by what they have done just according to the rules that some guy had made, and I thought that if the kids don’t want to live there, why do their parents make them? In a lot of the chapters, it showed that Agnes had a string that was tied around the waist, and every time she had committed a sin, she would tighten the string, just imagining it I would think would be hard enough for me, but to do it, it takes guts. This booked talked a lot about friendship and trust, and I also thought it was so touching when it told the ending about how they raced each other. It would be hard for me to ever still hold on to the friendship that Agnes and Honey had held on to, I would just have stopped being friends with Agnes instead of trying to convince her back to being normal. I really loved this book because it connected with the experiences that I had, my friend, well more like best friend had started to ‘fit in’ with the crowd, and soon, she pretended that she didn’t ever know me. But before I came to America, I had to say goodbye to her, and she said that the only reason she left me was because I started making new friends and didn’t even talk to her. The misunderstanding was all over, but the things that had already happened could not be solved, so I felt that I was in the same relationship with my best friend just like how Agnes and Honey was. This story could be told to all ages and not to a limited age, it talks about friendship, trust, and most important, holding onto your friend.

Peace Cultures in Action Today Essay Example for Free

Peace Cultures in Action Today Essay In â€Å"Peace Cultures in Action Today†, the author argues that some small isolated societies manage to create a culture of peace that often ends or is severely modified when they begin interacting with outside cultures. The argument then is that the greater society of the world is less peaceful than these small isolated societies. This theory warrants further study, especially in the area of how these societies react when confronted with societies that do not have the same values. For example, when the Zuni and Inuit are confronted by the larger populace of the United States, do they become more competitive? The interesting question here then is, â€Å"Is competititiveness and aggression a learned behavior? † In the piece, â€Å"To Construct Peace† , Elise and Kenneth Boulding too argue that peaceable existence is a learned behavior and that it can be taught. Elise was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize for this theory, but it does not seem particularly sound. Even their own pacifist leanings led to conflict. Though the conflict was in the court systems over the right to become a citizen without an oath to bear arms for the country and a battle over their refusal to sign anti-Communist statements during the McCarthy era, it was still a conflict based on their moral standing. Therefore, it is safe to believe that even in people who believe in and are taught to live in peace, conflict may be inevitable when dealing with the real world. Later the same peace cites Thomas Merton and his poetry and meditations against war and his disappointment that the church could support a â€Å"just war† theory. This again is an interesting position that requires more exploration. Should society allow tragic events to continue because of a belief in peace or should war become a tool of peace? The moral and social ambiguities are clear. If a person is being oppressed and his pacificits nature is being used to subjugate or eradicate him, isn’t there some point at which man must fight for his own survival? This is the point that all of the essayists seem to miss. Peace for peace’s sake is a good thing and being taught to attempt peaceful coexistence before immediately turning to aggressive behaviors may be appropriate. However, if the species is to survive, at some point base instincts overcome learning and the fight for survival becomes more powerful that the desire for peace.

How Cookies Are Used On The Internet Computer Science Essay

How Cookies Are Used On The Internet Computer Science Essay This paper will discuss how cookies are used on the Internet and the risks associated with cookies. The essay will explain what computer cookies are, how they are used, the security issues that are associated with cookies and whether are needed for Internet browsing. Computing cookies are used by many commercial websites to hold variables when you jump through different pages, however, they can be used for more sinister purposes. This is why a browser will allow a user to turn the storing of cookies off. A computing cookie is a file which helps a server recognize who a user is. When a user is browsing the Internet, the server that provides the websites does not know who they are. This is not a problem when the user visits static websites. However, when a user visits an interactive website that requires them to log in or remember a shopping list, the browser does need to remember who you are (Schneier, 2004:171). The reason for this is that, if it could not remember who the user is, then you would have to log in every time you visited a different page within the same companys website and it would not remember a shopping cart when the browser moved from a main page to a checkout page (All about cookies, 2011). The way it remembers this information is by using a cookie. A cookie comes in two forms; temporarily or persistent. A temporarily cookie is stored in the browsers memory and is destroyed when the browser is shut down. This type of cookie is used so the server can remember what activity has taken place throughout a website. This is useful on an e-commerce website where there is a shopping cart because, the website needs to remember what has been placed in the shopping cart when the user moves between pages and then ultimately to the checkout page. If a cookie was not used the shopping cart would appear empty every time a different page that was visited within the same website (All about cookies, 2011). A persistent cookie is stored on the computers hard drive as a file; it could be stored for any amount of time that the server sets (Pfleeger Pfleeger, 2006: 434). It is used for remembering login details and preferences so that every time a user visits a website, the server remembers their selections. An example of this could be the language t hat the user has chosen to view the website in (All about cookies, 2011). The whole idea is to make the browsing experience much more pleasant. Persistent cookies are also used to track the websites a user visits; this is done to target advertisements to specific users. This means that cookies can reduce the chance that a 25 year old single man is served an ad for diapers when he goes on his favourite sports site(ARA, 2005). Many reputable sites including Google, Yahoo and Sesame Street use this method target adverts (Penenberg, 2005). However, the method raises concerns about the privacy of users as profiling software can determine many different aspects of a users identity with fairly good precision, things like: gender, race, age, income, religion, location, marital status, children, pets and sexual orientation. A public outcry followed and for this reason it has been possible to turn cookies of in Internet Explorer since version 3 (Kayne, 2011), which was released in 1996. In 20 09 the European Union passed a law on the way cookies are used within websites based in Europe. The new law means that a cookie will not be allowed to be placed unless the user has been briefed about what it is for and how it works and also given their consent for it to be placed (Chacksfield, 2009), the only exception to this law will be if the cookie is strictly necessary for the service the user has requested like in the case of an e-commerce website (Robertson, 2009). Security issues are associated with the use of cookies, this is because the nature of a cookie is to collect data, although this is normally a username and password, they can be used to collect other data. Cookies can store anything about a client that a browser can determine: keystrokes the user types, the machine name, connection details (such as IP address), date and type, and so forth.(Pfleeger Pfleeger 2006: 434) The reason this can become a security issue is because, cookies are not designed to provide protection so there is no way of confirming a cookies integrity, also, not all companies encrypt cookies. When a company does not encrypt a cookie, an eavesdropper can steal and reuse the cookie, impersonating a user indefinitely.(ibid: 236) Cookie poisoning is another problem that can arise from storing cookies; cookie poisoning is when the data inside the file is modified. This can result in the bypassing of security mechanisms, meaning an attacker can gain unauthorised inform ation about another user and then steal their identity. (Imperva, 2011) Cookie poisoning is a Parameter Tampering attack, a parameter tempering attack is where an attacker will modify the parameters entered into a hidden or fixed field. These fields are the only security measure for certain operations. This makes this kind of attack useful to an attacker because a cookie can hold sensitive information about the user. Other parameter attacks including SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting and Buffer Overflow can be executed using cookie poisoning. (Imperva, 2011) In conclusion if cookies are used for the purpose they were intended they are a good thing. They make the browsing of websites a much more pleasurable experience with the cookies saving the user preferences; this means a website tailored to the users likes. They also provide a good platform for marketers to target adverts to a specific user, meaning they see adverts for things they are much more likely to buy. As with anything over a network there are security risks from cookie poisoning and the privacy concerns, however, with browsers allowing cookies to be switched off the concerns can be overcome.

A Non-Pacifist Argument Against Capital Punishment Essay -- Argumentat

A Non-Pacifist Argument Against Capital Punishment ABSTRACT: In this paper I present a moral argument against capital punishment that does not depend upon the claim that all killing is immoral. The argument is directed primarily against non-philosophers in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Oddly, the moral argument against capital punishment has not been effective in the United States despite the biblical injunction against killing. Religious supporters of the death penalty often invoke a presumed distinction between ‘killing’ and ‘murdering’ and avow that God forbade the latter but not the former. Self-defense and just wars are cited as cases of morally justified killing. Accepting these premises, I point out that when cases of justified killing in self-defense are altered to include an element of delay, disarming and premeditation, they too become murder. Since the death penalty clearly involves the elements of delay, disarming and premeditation, I conclude that the death penalty is murder in the biblical sen se and ought to be abolished in any God-fearing (or otherwise moral) society. Traditional opposition to capital punishment has generally been based on one or more of the following claims: (1) Capital punishment is immoral because all killing is immoral, (2) Capital punishment is unjust because killing is irreversible, or (3) Capital punishment is ineffective because killing is not a deterrent to killing. I propose to argue instead that capital punishment is immoral because of the kind of killing it is, rather than because it is a kind of killing simpliciter. This is a specifically moral argument, but it differs from the usual pacifist argument in that it does not assert or depend upon the claim that all killing is i... ...emeditation, they too become murder. Since the death penalty clearly involves the elements of delay, disarming, and premeditation, I conclude that the death penalty is murder in the biblical sense and ought to be abolished in any God-fearing society. Notes (1) Haines, Herbert H., Against Capital Punishment, p. 163 (2) Shin, Kilman, Death Penalty and Crime: Empirical Studies, p. 4-5 Bibliography Haines, Herbert H., Against Capital Punishment: The Anti-Death Penalty Movement in America, 1972-1994; New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Hart, Harold H. (ed.), Punishment: For & Against; New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1971 Shin, Kilman, Death Penalty and Crime: Empirical Studies; Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Center for Economic Analysis, 1978 Sorell, Tom, Moral Theory and Capital Punishment; Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987

Macbeths Conniving Lady Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth's Conniving Lady      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's popular tragedy Macbeth surprises the audience with the character of Lady Macbeth, who is quite evil in her inclinations. Let us explore her memorable character in this paper.    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the character of Lady Macbeth:    Lady Macbeth is of a finer and more delicate nature. Having fixed her eye upon the end - the attainment for her husband of Duncan's crown - she accepts the inevitable means; she nerves herself for the terrible night's work by artificial stimulants; yet she cannot strike the sleeping king who resembles her father. Having sustained her weaker husband, her own strength gives way; and in sleep, when her will cannot control her thoughts, she is piteously afflicted by the memory of one stain of blood upon her little hand.   (792)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons comments on the Lady's cold manner:    [Macbeth] announces the King's approach; and she, insensible it should seem to all the perils which he has encountered in battle, and to all the happiness of his safe return to her, -- for not one kind word of greeting or congratulations does she offer, -- is so entirely swallowed up by the horrible design, which has probably been suggested to her by his letters, as to have forgotten both the one and the other. It is very remarkable that Macbeth is frequent in expressions of tenderness to his wife, while she never betrays one symptom of affection towards him, till, in the fiery furnace of affliction, her iron heart is melted down to softness. (56)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" depicts the character of M... ...Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972.    Knights, L.C. "Macbeth." Shakespeare: The Tragedies. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody's Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.

A Unified Theory of Names Essays -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

A Unified Theory of Names ABSTRACT: Theoreticians of names are currently split into two camps: Fregean and Millian. Fregean theorists hold that names have referent-determining senses that account for such facts as the change of content with the substitution of co-referential names and the meaningfulness of names without bearers. Their enduring problem has been to state these senses. Millian theorists deny that names have senses and take courage from Kripke's arguments that names are rigid designators. If names had senses, it seems that their referents should vary among possible worlds. However, the Millians have the enduring problem of explaining the apparent cognitive content of names. I argue that Mill's original theory, when purged of confusion, provides word-reflexive senses for names. Frege failed to notice senses of this particular sort. Moreover, it is these senses that account for names' rigid designation. When the views of Mill and Frege are understood as complementary, the problems that have faced t he divided theorists of names vanish. The division of terms into connotative and nonconnotative is, according to Mill, one of the distinctions that "go deepest into the nature of language." (1) The importance of this distinction was reaffirmed by Saul Kripke in Naming and Necessity. Kripke followed Mill in holding that proper names must be understood as nonconnotative. To insist on this classification was, on Kripke's view, to reject the powerfully supported view of names that originated with Frege. (2) Since the publication of Kripke's lectures theories of names have come to be thought of as divided into two opposing types-Fregean and Millian. This opposition of theories has impeded the development of a satisfacto... ... (2) Saul A. Kripke, Naming and Necessity (Boston: Harvard University Press, 1980), 26-27. (3) Gottlob Frege, "On Sense and Meaning," in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege, 3d ed., ed. Peter Geach and Max Black (Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1980), 57. (4) Mill, 34. (5) Ibid., 35. (6) Ibid., 36. (7) Ibid., 37. (8) Ibid., 38. (9) Frege, "On Sense and Meaning," 56. (10) Ibid., 57-58. (11) Ibid., 58n. (12) Ibid., 58. (13) Frege, "On Concept and Object," 46n. (14) Kripke, 68-70. (15) Note that 'the bearer of "Socrates"' is a rigid description, a connotative term, synonymous with the nonconnotative term 'Socrates'. (16) Pauline Jacobson, "The Syntax/Semantics Interface in Categorial Grammar," in The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory, ed. Shalom Lappin (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996), 90.

Ethics Paper Essay

Ethics is essentially what a person believes is good or bad. By definition ethics is â€Å"rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good or bad† (Merriam-Webster, 2013). There are different theories of ethics which include virtue ethics, utilitarianism ethics, and the deontology theory. Virtue ethics is the theory that basically says that a person throughout their life should strive for moral excellence through life experiences. This theory looks at a person over a period of time to determine if they have good morals and considered an ethical person versus basing it off of one incident or â€Å"slip-up†. These â€Å"slip-ups† can be forgiven taking in account past deeds of moral turpitude and ethical acts. The utilitarianism theory is acting morally for the good of a group or society. This theory is very popular in the United States and other Western capitalistic democracies. Utilitarianism works when the people in that particular group or society a gree on what is considered moral and what would be deemed good for them as a whole. The utilitarianism theory can also be seen as social responsibility with the actual definition being the â€Å"obligation of an organization’s management towards the welfare and interests of the society in which it operates† (BusinessDictionary.com, 2013). The deontology theory states that someone’s actions are based on that is inherently right with no other calculations being taken into consideration such as consequences of the action. Deontology is based simply on principle and is justified through the structure of action, nature of reason, and the operation of the will (Boylan, 2009). Ethics and social responsibility play a significant role in the development of a strategic plan especially when considering stakeholders needs and agendas. Company’s primary mission is to make money and turn a profit for their stakeholders. This is done in many different ways and are outlined in the strategic plan. The company however needs to ensure that their operations  are ethical and not harmful to society or the community surrounding. Many companies walk a fine line between ethical and unethical when making efforts to perform for their stakeholders. Stakeholders primary objective is to make as much profit as possible and in most cases in the shortest amount of time possible. This is where companies are sometimes found crossing the line of ethics and social responsibility. This may include cutting corners to have a better competitive edge within the industry thus veering away from the company’s original strategic plan. In years past some companies have been caught conducting unethical operations in the name of profit (Wheelen & Hunger, 2010). The government has enacted legislation to make these activities less appealing to companies. Companies are now tasked with developing strategic agendas to accommodate their stakeholders needs and agendas while still considering ethics and soc ial responsibility. Essentially a company has to make it clear to stakeholders that their best interests are foremost but ethics and social responsibility will take precedence when developing a strategic plan to lead the company to success. The most popular and remembered company for overstepping ethical boundaries for stakeholders agendas would be Enron. Enron who began as a struggling energy provider climbed its way to the top of the food chain in the industry to essentially become a broker of energy. The company appeared to have a great deal of ethics and social responsibility from the outside looking in but things were not as they appeared after the company unraveled. It was found that top executives of the company were falsifying documents about earnings and essentially bleeding the company of all of its assets over the years until its inevitable fall. This included making not so ethical business partnerships and making attempts to hide its debt through clever accounting tricks to avoid recording the information on balance sheets (Sims & Brinkmann, 2003). This all in an attempt to keep stock prices climbing to pad the pockets of the executives and stakeholders alike. Many steps could have been taken within Enron to avoid this situation while still staying successful. The first step would have been to develop a strategic plan that not only provided direction for the company but set milestones for the company to succeed. Other steps to avoid this type of activity is to develop checks and balances within the company and not allowing a select few top executives to control everything without any accountability. The  executives of the company set the tone for the company and when employees see them acting unethically then it is believed this acceptable within the company. Executives should be setting a positive example and encouraging their employees to take the same approach. Conclusion Ethics and social responsibility come hand in hand when dealing with the world of business. When developing a strategic plan a company needs to ensure these areas are addressed and balanced when considering the needs and agendas of its stakeholders. This can as simple as keeping stakeholders informed that it is essential to act ethically for the long term health of the company. Enron is a prime example of the hardships a company as well as its employees and stakeholders can face when a company puts ethics and social responsibility to the side. This also reinforces the fact that companies should develop their strategic plan with these in mind and then sticking to the plan then taking appropriate steps to keep the plan updated to continue on the road to success. References Boylan, M. (2009). Basic ethics: Basic ethics in action (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. BusinessDictionary.com. (2013). Social responsibility. Retrieved from http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/social-responsibility.html Merriam-Webster. (2013). Ethic. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ethic Sims, R. R., & Brinkmann, J. (2003, July). Enron ethics: Culture matters more than codes. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(3), 243. Retrieved from http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/dunnweb/rprnts.enronethics.html Wheelen, T. L., & Hunger, J. D. (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Dimensions Affecting Learning Acquisition of Cte Students in Sdssu-Lianga Campus

DIMENSIONS AFFECTNG LEARNING ACQUISITION OF CTE STUDENTS IN SURIGAO DEL SURSTATE UNIVERSITY, LIANGA CAMPUS A. Y. 2013-2014 A seek Proposal Presented to The force of the College of instructor Education Surigao del Sur aver University Lianga Campus In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research 1 By Mark Jason M. Blaya Jonas Christian S. Estor March 2013 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM principle AND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION The pattern of reading encyclopaedism of a claw happened in divergent instances.His intelligence, places, interest and desires underlie the educative ( principle- dateing) depart at. The conductedness of companionship, stressation of habits, skills and his ontogeny of abilities and attitudes atomic number 18 conditi bingled so that get behinding becomes more than meaningful. The students capacity to hire varies, thus students can be separate into fast, aver senesce and slow hold iners. Some be high, moderate or slow achievers. The preceding (prenominal) mentioned types of meditateers contain different conditions in acquiring discipline.According to Gagnes Condition of training, breeding demonstrate is adjoined by ii conditions, the home(a) and external conditions that both influenced the leading achievement of a child (Lucas and Corpuz, 2007). condition is a behavioral carry come on whereby a retort becomes more frequent or more predictable in a stipulation surroundings as a expiry of reinforcement, with reinforcement typically being a excitant or reinforcer for a desired rejoinder (global. britannica. com) The dimensions that see get winding encyclopaedism as unconquerable by Kurt Lewin have cozy and satellite forces.Inner forces includes native motif, geting and attitude while the outer forces includes peers/classmates, class room clime, and instructors behavior. Those forces incline a vital percentage on generating take uping on the burst of the students, because it testament ch equer the factors that influence nearly of the students in gaining knowledge. Learning is viewed as an experiential travel settlementing in a relatively imperishable change in behavior that can non be explained by temporary states, maturation, or infixed reaction tendencies (Lefroncois, 2007).Learning is the most part in development. It is an inseparable inclination of every(prenominal) inform wherein visiting most occur and the one who is responsible for the form is the instructor. Learner agents be teachers they bear, guide and encourage pupils to discover. They can serving motivate these pupils development and advancement in studying. Students in former(a) hand would keep open a stride to counterbalance the teachers position because observeing is a-two way- process (Demasuay and Raza, 2013). The main goal of the teacher is to pitch give awaying.He should promote dictatorial transfer of disciplineing in classroom, guided with methods and techniques in article of faith learning process. Transfer can be defined as a process of extending knowledge ingestd in one circumstance to other context. (Byrnes, 2001). It is the most complex part of the teaching learning process because in that respect argon varied types of learning in a single classroom that of necessity different attention and antennaes just to acquire knowledge. Thus, it is a role of a teacher on how he forget influence adjustments to make the learning process more meaningful. The teacher plays a vital role in the transfer of learning.It is verbalise that the fair game of teaching is to promote and produced desirable changes in behavior which put across alone carry over into new situations. If the teacher lacks knowledge, how could he comfort learning? The teacher practises as intro of learning therefore, it is meaning(a) for him to know the theatrical role of techniques play in implementing and refining principles for effectual deliberation of knowledge t o his learners. The teacher whitethorn know many things and be put to teach his pupils, but he go away have little success on his profession unless he has knowledge of the capitulum of his pupils and knows what goes on there.Through this national, the factors that happen upon learning attainment of CTE students bequeath be measured, and those measurements get out sue as the baseline discipline for the skill in the College of teacher Education platform on what teaching approaches suited to the varied learners in each schedule of landing field. literary argument OF THE PROBLEM The purpose of the topic is to scratch out the dimensions necessitateing learning accomplishment of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus. The call for aimed to answer the side by side(p) problems 1.What is the visibleness of CTE students of SDSSU-Lianga Campus when var. according to 1. 1 Age 1. 2 land up 1. 3 Civil situation 1. 4 computer course of reflectme of Study 2. To what exten t do the College of Teacher Education students manifests the indicators along dimensions that restore learning accomplishment. 2. 1 Self- motive 2. 2 Feelings 2. 3 Attitude 2. 4 Peers/ classmates 2. 5 schoolroom mode 2. 6 Teacher behaviour 3. Is there a significant difference of opinion in the dimensions that reach learning skill of the College of Teacher Education student ofSDSSU-Lianga Campus when class according to question no. 1? NULL HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference on the dimensions that continue learning achievement of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus when pigeonholinged according to age, sex, civil stead, and program of development. divinatory frame construct OF THE STUDY This count is anchored on the chase theories. 1. Theory of Conditioning * This conjecture states that the process of learning consist of the eruditeness of the new ways of reacting to stimuli developed through with(predicate) attaching new stimuli to established modes o f behavior. . 1. clean Conditioning * This is base on the experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov a Russian psychologist on the response of the dog, who postulated that conditioning consists of eliciting a response by means of a previously unbiassed or inadequate stimulus. Principles under Classical Conditioning 2. 2. 1. Adhesive Principle a response it tie to every stimulus. For every stimulus there is always a response. 2. 2. 2. Excitation likewise known as the law of acquisition. It occurs when a previously indifferent stimulus gains the ability of eliciting the response. . 2. 3. Extinction also known as unlearning and occurs when the in condition(p) response is no longer fire by the erudite stimulus because the conditioned stimulus is frequently presented without the paired stimulus. 2. 2. 4. Stimulus abstraction This happens when the Conditioned response is also elicited by other stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. 2. 2. 5. Spontaneous recovery This happens when a conditioned response which does not appear for round age but re-occurs without need of that conditioning. . 2. Operant Conditioning Theory based on the experiment conducted by Burrhus Frederick muleteer upon a hungry rat. He believed that since an beingness tends in the future to do what it was doing at the time of reinforcement, one can train that existence either by presenting him a reward or punishment as a consequence of his actions. Feedback Principle states that an organism responses maybe reinforced by low appearance or removal in other words, rewards and punishments. 2. Vector and topological Theory Basically, this is derived from the terms vector which means a quantity that has order of magnitude and direction and topology which is concerned with properties of geometrical configuration which are unaltered by elastic deformations. As a Learning theory, it was advanced by Kurt Lewin and states that an exclusives exist on a theatre of operations of forces inwardly his environment that move, change and put him a degree of stability and middle or define his behavior. The behavior of an individual is a result of forces operating concurrently within his environment and bearing space.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The focus of the culture is to set the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus. The variable quantitys that go forth be utilize on this ruminate are in open, moderator and dependent variables. The schematic diagram of this take on is presented in go in 1. subject Variable Academic Achievement And utile Instruction Independent Variable Dimensions poignant Learning encyclopedism Inner Forces 1. inbred /self-motivation 2. Feeling 3. Attitudes Outer Forces 1. Peers 2. Classroom Climate 3.Teachers way Moderator Variable CTE STUDENTS indite 1. Age 2. Sex 3. Civil Status 4. Program of study Fig. 1. 1. Paradigm of Independent, Dependent, and Moderator Variables on the Dimensions that affects learning acquisition of CTE students. Shown in figure 1 is the schematic diagram of the study. It is peaceful of the first box contains the independent variables of which it comprises the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students. As determined by Kurt Lewin, Learning acquisition of the students has familiar and outer forces.Inner forces include inner motivation/self-motivation, feelings and attitudes while the outer forces comprise the peers/classmates, classroom climate and teachers behavior. The to a higher place stated dimensions affects the learning the acquisition of a child, each forces trigger the childs determination in acquiring knowledge. infixed Motivation/self-motivation . Internal motivation is a desire from within to obtain knowledge. Therefore, Artelt (2005233) states that intrinsic learning incentives possibly reside within the learner. This can be attributed to striving towards self-actualization.According to Herington and weaver fin ch (2008124), their study showed that engaging in chemical group projects suggested that intrinsic factors may have encourage students to engage in activities at different times, indicating the possibility that personal factors and social styles unnatural adopted learning approaches. Feeling in this dimension the learner is conditioned in accordance to what feeling he receive towards learning, it is influenced by the peers/classmates, teacher and classroom environment. Attitudes in this dimension the learner himself generate knowledge through his behavior, experience and determination to learn.Peers/ classmates in this dimension the learning acquisition of a child is being influenced by the commonwealth around him who has equal respects him as to mark of study level, co-major, age, and so on or it is the date of students to facilitate one another on a one-to-one basis in a small groups in a variety of situations. Classroom Climate in this dimension the learner is bein g influenced by the classroom environment such as the arrangement of the chairs, ventilation, lighting, motion-picture shows posted, cleanliness and room accommodation.Teachers demeanor in this dimension the learning acquisition of a child is being influenced by the behavior of the teacher in facilitating the teaching learning process. The second box is the dependent variable which consider as response or the expected output of this study. It comprises the academician achievement of CTE students and Effective instruction for the stave assigned on the said program of study. The third box is the moderator variable. It contains the age, sex, civil status and program of study.The broken line that is attached to the arrow from independent to independent variable signifies its influenced in achieving the second variable. importee OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisitions of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur . The result of this study hopes to benefit the next. School Administrator the go upings would function the administrators to innovate changes in line with the curriculum, instructional facilities and technological instructional availability.It may service of process also to evaluate some(prenominal) trainings, seminar and bleedshops demand to supplement the facultys development for effective construction of knowledge. For teacher the study would help the teacher to raise their ken of those teaching techniques and methods that would congruence to the different dimensions affecting learning acquisition of the students. Through this proposed study the teachers testament be able to facilitate the learning in an appropriate path in accordance to what specific dimension do the students preferred most.For students the findings would help them to lay what dimensions of learning they excel in obtaining academic excellence and to determine how to cope up other dimensions to gen erate learning process faster resulting to the increase of their academic grades. Moreover, the findings would help the students modify their practiced attitudes towards learning into positive one, it is beneficial on their part because it entrust get them to keep pace for whatever changes brought by the technology in the twenty-first century.For Librarian the study willing serve as a reference temporal for the future detectives on the different dimensions that affect learning acquisition of the students. For Future Researchers the study would serve as the basis to conduct more detectives related to the proposed study. SCOPE AND limit The proposed study will be especial(a) on the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students, first semester in the academic twelvemonth 2013-2014. Definition of TermsFor the purpose of clarification the following terms are defined as they are apply in this study. The following terms are arranged alphabetically. Attitudes is a relatively enduring organization of beliefs, feelings, and behavioral tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols (Hogg &Vaughan 2005, p. 150) Behavior is the range of actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as nearly as the physical environment.Dimensions as used in this study, the term is being referred to the factors that affect the learning acquisition of a child. adventitious motivation it refers to a motivation that plays an indispensable function when a learner is not yet intrinsically motivated to learn. It includes several(prenominal) factors such as rewards, incentives, praise or words of encouragements, approval of significantothers like parents, teachers, peers, and so on Feelings it refers to a naturalresponse of our thoughts and intentions. It is an affectional state of consciousness, such as that esulting from emotions, sentiments, or desires. Peers/classmates it refers to the people who are equal in such respects as age, learning or social class etc. Intrinsic motivation it refers to a motivation that is shown in the enjoyment of the activity itself and the inner convection of the learner that such things are the in force(p) things to do in order to pull ahead a personal goal or a life dream. Learning Acquisition it refers to a process by which a student gained knowledge in severalcontexts. Chapter II Review of Related LiteratureForeign Educational work are often not tangible and are difficult to measure because they result in the form of transformation of knowledge, life skills and behavior modifications of learners (Tsinidou, Gerogiannis, & Fitsilis, 2010). So there is no commonly agreed upon definition of tonicity that is applied to study field. The definition of character reference of education varies from culture to culture (Michael, 1998). The environment and the pe rsonal characteristics of learners play an important role in their academic success.The school personnel, members of the families and communities pop the question help and support to students for the quality of their academic work. This social assistance has a all-important(a) role for the accomplishment of performance goals of students at school (Goddard, 2003). Besides the social structure, parents closeness in their childs education increases the rate of academic success of their child (Furstenberg & Hughes, 1995). A number of studies have been carried out to detect and analyze the numerous factors that affect academic performance in motley centers of learning.Their findings identify students effort, previous schooling (Siegfried &Fels, 1979 Anderson &Benjamin, 1994), parents education, family income (Devadoss& Foltz, 1996), self-motivation, age of student, learning preferences (Aripin, Mahmood, Rohaizad, Yeop, & Anuar, 2008), class attendance (Romer, 1993), and doorway qu alifications as factors that have a significant effect on the students academic performance in various settings. The utility of these studies lies in the need to undertake corrective measures that remediate the academic performance of students, specially in public funded institutions. The throughput of public-funded institutions is under scrutiny especially because of the current global economic downturn which demands that governments improve efficiency in monetary resource allocation and utilization. Although there has been huge debate about the determinants of academic performance among educators, policymakers, academics, and other stakeholders, it is chiefly agreed that the electric shock of these determinants vary (in terms of extent and direction) with context, for example, culture, institution, course of study etc.Since not all factors are relevant for a particular context, it is strident that formal studies be carried out to identify the context-specific determinants f or sound decision making. According to the study conducted by Jacqueline Korir (2012) learning was affected by change of facilities, environment, psychological adaptation and socio-economically. local According to the study of Melrose A. Sali-ot in his study entitled Competencies of Instructions Its correlational statistics to the Factors affecting Academic Performance of Students on May 2011 he indicates five factors to wit intellectual, physical, environmental, psychological and the teacher.He found out that the most prevailing factor is the intellectual and the least prevailing was the physical factor. CHAPTER III methodological epitome RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive design particularly descriptive survey method will be used in this study. This survey method will determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur. RESEARCH LOCALE This study will be conducted at SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur.It is 107 kilometers away from Butuan City, the vegetable marrow of the Timber Corridor of the Philippines and 89 kilometers from Tandag, the Seat of government activity of the SDSSU System. DETERMINATION OF THE SAMPLE SIZE NV + Se2 (1-p) NSe + V2p(1-p) To determine the sample size, the police detectives consider the entire state of the respondents (CTE Students) enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2013-2014. The total universe of discourse of the respondents is 169 as shown in table 1. To compute for the sample size of this study the below written order will be used. Ss. =Unrestricted haphazard sampling will be used to get samples for the respondents population (CTE Students), wherein each CTE students has equal chance of cellular inclusion in the sample. Lottery techniques will be used in getting samples. To fall a sample, each individual in the population will be assumption an assigned number which is written on a piece of paper that will be rolled thoroug hly on the box once at a time. The computed sample size of the population is one hundred thirty out of 169 students in teacher education program. The researcher will select one hundred thirty cover on the box and those selected papers will consider as the respondents of this proposed study.The tally of the sample size is shown below. NV + Se2 (1-p) NSe + V2p(1-p) Ss. = Given N = 169 V = 2. 58 Se = 0. 01 P = 0. 50 169 (2. 58) + (0. 01)2 (1-0. 50) 169 (0. 01) + (2. 58)2 (0. 50) (1-0. 50) Ss= 436. 02 + 0. 00005 1. 69 + 1. 6641 = 436. 02005 3. 3541 = = 129. 996 Ss = cxxx take DESIGN AND TECHNIQUE Unrestricted random sampling and lottery techniques will be used in this study. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The students of the College of Teacher Education of SDSSU-Lianga Campus, Lianga, Surigao del Sur enrolled during first semester A. Y 2013-2014 will be the respondents of the study.The researchers will fulfil the master list of the students on the said semester and academic year from th e SDSSU- Registrar wherein the study will be conducted and will be arrange according to year level. statistical distribution of the respondents is shown in table 1. send back 1 DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS YEAR LEVEL frequence PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE 1st category 45 34. 615 2nd Year 35 26. 923 3rd Year 30 23. 077 quaternary Year 20 15. 385 TOTAL 130 100 THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The researcher will use the questionnaire for gathering selective information to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students in SDSSU-Lianga Campus.The questionnaire as designed by the researcher will include decimal points from books, finished researches, and websites. The questionnaire consists of two parts. Part I will aim to gather information of the respondents profile as to age, sex, civil status and program of the study. Part II will count on the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students along the following Inner forces which comprises self-motivation, feeling, and attitude and for outer forces, it consist of peers/classmates, classroom climate and teachers behavior. VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENTThe first draft of the questionnaire will be submitted to the researchers adviser for correction and suggestions. several(prenominal) changes will be made. The revised form will then undergo dependableness test through split half(prenominal) method. The questionnaire will be divided into two (2) halves, odd and even items. The result is dependability coefficient for a half test, the realness coefficient of a hale test is estimated by victimization the Spearman Brown formula. This formula is as follows. rwt = 2 (rht) 1 + rht Where rwt = reliability of a whole test rht= reliability of the whole test. Table 2 RELIABILITY TEST COMPUTATIONStudents advance Rank D D2 Odd all the same Ro Re 1 80 76 2 3 -1 1 2 66 60 18. 5 25. 5 -7 49 3 68 78 15. 5 5 10. 5 110. 25 4 73 79 6. 5 1 5. 5 30. 25 5 69 70 13. 5 13 0. 5 0. 25 6 72 73 9 8 1 1 7 5 9 54 27 28. 5 -1. 5 2. 25 8 64 70 22. 5 13 9. 5 90. 25 9 66 73 18. 5 8 10. 5 110. 25 10 55 55 28 27 1 1 11 50 54 29 28. 5 0. 5 0. 25 12 75 74 3. 5 5 -1. 5 2. 25 13 68 69 15. 5 15. 5 0 0 14 69 68 13. 5 17. 5 -4 16 15 81 78 1 2 -1 1 16 70 73 12 8 4 16 17 73 71 6. 5 10. 5 -4 16 8 64 65 22. 5 22. 5 0 0 19 64 67 22. 5 20 2. 5 6. 25 20 64 63 22. 5 24 -1. 5 2. 25 21 63 65 25 22. 5 2. 5 6. 25 22 75 74 3. 5 5 -1. 5 2. 25 23 61 60 26 25. 5 0. 5 0. 25 24 72 70 9 13 -4 16 25 72 67 9 20 -11 121 26 65 67 20 20 0 0 27 71 69 11 15. 5 -4. 5 20. 25 28 48 52 30 30 0 0 29 67 71 17 10. 5 6. 5 42. 25 30 74 68 5 17. 5 -12. 5 156. 25 center 820 rht = 1- 6? D2 N3 N = 1 6(820) 303 30 = 1 4920 27,000 30 = 1- 4920 26970 = 1 0. 1824249 = 0. 82 rwt= 2 (rht) 1+ rht = 2 (0. 82) +0. 82 = 1. 64 1. 82 = 0. 90 The reliability coefficient of the whole test is 0. 90, the perfect coefficient for the test to become reliable is 1, thus the resulted numeration which is 0. 90 is accepted reliable. DATA gathering PROCEDURE Having found the questionnaire valid and reliable the researcher will secure written permit from the Campus Director of SDSSU-Lianga Campus to allow researcher to conduct the study. Once the permit has been okay by the Campus Director, the researcher will sell the questionnaire to 130 CTE students. Data gathering will employ questionnaire.Descriptive survey method will be used in the study to determine the dimensions that affect learning acquisition of CTE students. The data that will be poised will be tabulated, treated statistically, and subjected to analysis and interpretation. The interpreting the data the following measurements will be used. Mean ValuesDescription 3. 50 4. 00Always 2. 50 3. 49Sometimes 1. 50 2. 49Rarely 0. 05 1. 49 Never QUESTIONNAIRE air division I PERSONNAL DATA Name _____________________________________________________ SexMaleFemale Age 16-18 19-24 25-Above Civil Status oneness MarriedProgram of StudyBSEd BEEd PART II teaching 1. Read eac h item conservatively 2. At the end of each item are five choices, these choices are 4 Always 3 Sometimes 2 Rarely 1 Never 3. snag the appropriate column to what extent each indicators affects your learning acquisition. 4. Do not leave items unanswered. MOTIVATION 4Always 3Sometimes 2Rarely 1Never 1. I learn silk hat when I exert effort to find out why I need to do a particular task. 2. I learn scoop when I reward myself when I worked. 3. I learn crush when I see to it that I go across myself regular breaks from works. 4. I learn exceed when I am able to keep my concentration and does not let my reason drift away 5. I learn outperform when I have ways of dealing with distractions. 6. I learn stovepipe when I am willing to do the work that I do not enjoy because I see to it that it is important. 7. I learn better(p) when I go to tutorials to improve my school work. FEELINGS 1. I learn beat out when I feel to study with no worries. 2. I learn exceed when I feel to read books with full valuable content. 3. I learn shell when I feel the ambiance in spite of appearance the classroom discussion. 4. I learn dress hat when I feel that my classmates cooperate healthful in the classroom discussion. 5. I learn outdo when I feel that my teacher enjoy what she teaches and makes the discussion more lively. 6. I learn trump when I feel to relax my mind before functional any task. 7. I learn best when I feel that my classmates invest efforts in doing their works. ATTITUDES 1. I learn best when I ask assistance from my teacher when work is too difficult. 2. I learn best when I observed my classmates working in concert with the task given by the teacher. 3.I learn best when my teacher give comments to my work as feedback. 4. I learn best when my teacher give me the topic in advance for the next session. 5. I learn best when I make a list of valuable reference s with bibliographic details, rogue number of quotes and so on. 6. I learn best when I re-write my notes and highlight it. 7. I learn best when my classmate interpret the topic to me in a briefly generalized form. Outer forces PEERS 1. I learn best when I discuss work assignment. 2. I learn best when I share resources with other students. 3. I learn best when I ask questions and generally take part in group discussion. 4. I learn best when I listen out for key ideas when individual is talking. 5. I learn best when I am listening to someone, and I take heed to anticipate what he will label next. 6. I learn best when I study in a group. 7. I learn best when my classmates teach me in person the lecture. CLASSROOM CLIMATE 1. I learn best when the chairs are arranged in such a way that I can easily move with-out redundant disruptions. 2. I learn est when the room is illuminated and ventilated. 3. I learn best when I can see the teacher clear in the front. 4. I learn best when the classroom is wide enough to allow me to move during activities. 5. I learn best when the seat arrangement is flexible. 6. I learn best when there is no picture or any other resort that distracts my attention. 7. I learn best when the room is well cleaned and free from any sort of dirt. TEACHERS BEHAVIOR 1. I learn best when my teacher approach me if I had understand the topic. 2. I learn best when my teacher talk with a lot of facial expressions. 3. I learn best when my teacher gives me enough time to do my work. 4. I learn best when my teacher give a prove right after the discussion. 5. I learn best when my teacher gives me new work to do when I am mend for it. 6. I learn best when my teacher takes hard lessons in small steps. 7. I learn best when my teacher tells me where I can find more information to help me learn about lesson.